Key Changes to Zimbabwe’s Education System
Zimbabwe’s education sector is undergoing a transformation with the introduction of the Heritage-Based Curriculum (HBC) for 2024–2030. Officially launched in 2024, the HBC aims to integrate Zimbabwe’s cultural heritage with modern educational demands, focusing on innovation, creativity, and practical skills development.
This guide breaks down the key features, significant changes, and the expected impact on learners, teachers, and parents.
What is the Heritage-Based Curriculum?
The HBC replaces the 2015–2022 curriculum framework, addressing gaps and modernizing both primary and secondary education. It emphasizes a learner-centered approach, practical skills, and a deep connection to Zimbabwean heritage.
Primary Education Focus
To reduce curriculum overload, primary education now focuses on six core learning areas:
- Indigenous Languages
- English Language
- Science and Technology
- Mathematics
- Social Science
- Physical Education and Arts
This streamlined structure ensures a balanced foundation in essential subjects while fostering critical thinking and creativity.
Secondary Education Overhaul
Secondary education under the HBC introduces a two-route system tailored to learners’ career aspirations:
- Academic Route – For those wishing to pursue a university/tertiary education.
- Vocational Route – For learners focusing on practical trades and skills.
Key Features at O Level:
Five compulsory subjects, including Mathematics, Combined Science, and Heritage Studies.
Three optional subjects selected from pathways such as:
- Sciences
- Languages and Humanities
- Commercials
- Physical Education and Arts
- Technical and Vocational Education
Key Features at A Level:
Students specialize in three subjects aligned with their chosen pathways, gaining in-depth knowledge to prepare for future careers.
Replacing CALA with School-Based Projects (SBPs)
One of the most notable shifts is the replacement of Continuous Assessment Learning Activities (CALA) with School-Based Projects (SBPs).
What are SBPs?
Learners must complete one project per learning area annually, emphasizing hands-on application of skills and knowledge.
• Why the Change?
According to Permanent Secretary Mr. Moses Mhike, “SBPs encourage innovation, problem-solving, and practical learning.”
The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education has issued Circular No. 9 of 2024 to guide the implementation of SBPs, ensuring consistency across schools.
2025 Examination Classes
Students in examination classes (Grade 7, Form 4, and Form 6) will continue using the old curriculum for summative assessments but must complete SBPs instead of CALA for their continuous assessment component.
This phased approach ensures learners are not disadvantaged during the transition. Updated syllabi will be distributed to schools by the end of 2024.
Why the Shift to the Heritage-Based Curriculum?
The Heritage-Based Curriculum was developed to cover the shortcomings of the previous curriculum. Specifically, it is designed to:
- Improve Educational Quality: Foster creativity, problem-solving, and innovation.
- Align Education with National Goals: Promote pride in Zimbabwe’s heritage.
- Prepare Learners for the Future: Address the demands of a technology-driven, globalized economy.
“We aim to produce graduates who are innovative problem-solvers and contributors to Zimbabwe’s economic growth,” said Mr. Mhike.
What This Means for Parents and Learners
Parents are encouraged to support their children in completing SBPs, which allow learners to explore interests while applying classroom knowledge.
Teachers are undergoing intensive training to align with the new curriculum. The Ministry is monitoring schools to ensure compliance and address challenges.
“This curriculum empowers learners to discover their potential and prepare for careers that match their interests,” said an education official.
The Road Ahead
While the transition to the Heritage-Based Curriculum presents challenges, it also offers an opportunity to reimagine Zimbabwe’s education system.
The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education urges parents, teachers, and learners to engage with local education offices for support and clarity. Together, Zimbabwe can build an education system that honors its heritage while preparing its youth for a dynamic future.
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